I never cease to marvel, and complain, about the way investors flip-flop – focusing on just the positives at one moment and just the negatives at another – and the speed at which they do it. But I learned long ago not to be surprised by this phenomenon or expect it to stop occurring, but instead to look past the market’s behavior and assess the underlying realities. Thus I decided to take the occasion of my summer vacation to write a memo parsing the recent events and touching on the outlook.